Determination of Phytochemical Compounds, and Tyrosinase Inhibitory and Antimicrobial Activities of Bioactive Compounds from Streblus ilicifolius (S Vidal) Corner

Purpose: To determine the phytochemical content, and tyrosinase inhibitory and antimicrobial activities of the wood from Streblus ilicifolius (S. Vidal) Corner Methods: The dried wood of S. ilicifolius (8.70 kg) was extracted by maceration to give petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, ethanol and water extracts, respectively. Dopachrome method was used to determine antityrosinase activity. Agar disc diffusion and modified broth microdilution methods were used to determine antimicrobial activity. Chromatographic techniques were used for phytochemical investigation. The structures elucidation of isolated compounds were identified by physical properties and spectroscopic data including UV, IR, NMR and MS data and confirmed by comparison with previously reports. Results: The ethanol extract exhibited tyrosinase inhibition and antimicrobial activity against the Grampositive bacteria, Staphylococcus epidermidis and S. aureus. Phytochemical investigation showed five compounds, namely, (E)-2,4-dihydroxy-3-(3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadienyl) benzaldehyde (1), phydroxybenzoic acid methyl ester (2), umbelliferone (3), moracin M (4), trans-resveratrol (5). Compound 4 exhibited tyrosinase inhibition with half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 67.69 μg/ml, while compound 1 displayed strong activity against S. epidermidis, S. aureus and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 8, 4 and 8 μg/ml, respectively and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of 32, 16 and 64 μg/ml, respectively. Conclusion: This is the first report of the biological activities and phytochemical composition of S. ilicifolius and the results indicate the high potentials of the plant for commercial applications such as in facial whitening and anti-acne cream.